TY - BOOK TI - The constitution of India (as modified up to the 1st January, 2001) AV - KD35.I4.4 L64C 2001 PY - 2001/// CY - New Delhi : PB - Lok Sabha secretariat, KW - Constitutional law -- India N1 - PART I -- THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY -- ARTICLE -- 1. Name and territory of the Union -- 2. Admission or establishment of new States -- 2A . [Repealed.]. -- 3. Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names -- of existing States. -- 4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of -- the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and -- consequential matters -- PART II -- CITIZENSHIP -- 5. Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution -- 6. Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India -- from Pakistan -- 7. Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan. -- 8. Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing -- outside India. -- 9. Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be -- citizens -- 10. Continuance of the rights of citizenship -- 11. Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law -- PART III -- FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS -- General -- 12. Definition. -- 13. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights. -- Right to Equality -- 14. Equality before law. -- 15. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or -- place of birth. -- ARTICLE -- 16. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. -- 17. Abolition of Untouchability. -- 18. Abolition of titles. -- Right to Freedom -- 19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. -- 20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences. -- 21. Protection of life and personal liberty -- 22. Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases -- Right against Exploitation -- 23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour -- 24. Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. -- Right to Freedom of Religion -- 25 Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation -- of religion -- 26. Freedom to manage religious affairs -- 27. Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particula -- religion -- 28. Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship -- in certain educational institutions -- Cultural and Educational Rights -- 29. Protection of interests of minorities -- 30. Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions -- 31. [Repealed.] -- Saving of Certain Laws -- 31A. Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc. -- 31B. Validation of certain Acts and Regulations -- 31C. Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles -- 31D [Repealed.].-- Right to Constitutional Remedies -- 32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part. -- [Repealed] -- 33. Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in -- their application to Forces,etc -- 34. Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in -- force in any area -- 35. Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part -- PART IV -- DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY -- 36. Definition. -- 37. Application of the principles contained in this Part -- 38. State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the -- people. -- 39. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.-- 39A. Equal justice and free legal aid -- 40. Organisation of village panchayats -- 41. Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain -- cases -- 42. Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. -- 43. Living wage, etc., for workers. -- 43A. Participation of workers in management of Industries -- 44. Uniform civil code for the citizens -- 45. Provision for free and compulsory education for children -- 46. Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, -- Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections -- 47. Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard -- of living and to improve public health -- 48. Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry. -- 48A. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of -- forests and wild life -- 49. Protection of monuments and places and objects of importance national -- importance -- 50. Separation of judiciary from executive. -- 51. Promotion of international peace and security -- PART IVA -- FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES -- 51A. Fundamental duties -- PART V -- THE UNION -- CHAPTER I.-THE EXECUTIVE -- The President and Vice-President -- 52. The President of India -- 53. Executive power of the Union. -- 54. Election of President -- 55. Manner of election of President -- 56. Term of office of President -- 57. Eligibility for re-election -- 58. Qualifications for election as President -- 59. Conditions of President's office. -- ARTICLE -- 60. Oath or affirmation by the President -- 61. Procedure for impeachment of the President. -- 62. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and -- the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy. -- 63. The Vice-President of India. -- 64. The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of -- the Council of States -- 65. The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions -- during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of -- President -- 66. Election of Vice-President -- 67. Term of office of Vice-President -- 68. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President -- and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy -- 69. Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President. -- 70. Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies -- 71. Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or -- Vice-President. -- 72. Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or -- commute sentences in certain cases -- 73. Extent of executive power of the Union -- Council of Ministers -- 74. Council of Ministers to aid and advise President -- 75. Other provisions as to Ministers. -- The Attorney-General for India -- 76. Attorney-General for India -- Conduct of Government Business -- 77. Conduct of business of the Government of India -- 78. Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to -- the President, etc. -- CHAPTER-II-PARLIAMENT -- General -- 79. Constitution of Parliament -- 80. Composition of the Council of States -- 81. Composition of the House of the People. -- 82. Readjustment after each census -- 83. Duration of Houses of Parliament. -- 84. Qualification for membership of Parliament. -- 85. Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution. -- 86. Right of President to address and send messages to Houses -- 87. Special address by the President -- 88. Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses -- ARTICLE -- 89. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States -- 90. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of -- Deputy Chairman. -- 91. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties -- of the office of, or to act as, Chairman. -- 92. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a -- resolution for his removal from office is under consideration -- 93. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People. -- 94. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker -- and Deputy Speaker -- 95. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties -- of the office of, or to act as, Speaker -- 96. The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution -- for his removal from office is under consideration -- 97. Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and -- the Speaker and Deputy Speaker -- 98. Secretariat of Parliament. -- Conduct of Business -- 99. Oath or affirmation by members -- 100. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies -- and quorum -- Disqualifications of Members -- 101. Vacation of seats -- 102. Disqualifications for membership -- 103. Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members -- 104. Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation -- under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified -- Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members -- 105. Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members -- and committees thereof. -- 106. Salaries and allowances of members. -- Legislative procedure -- 107. Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills -- 108. Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases -- 109. Special procedure in respect of Money Bills -- 110. Definition of "Money Bills" -- 111. Assent to Bills -- Procedure in Financial Matters -- 112. Annual financial statement. -- 113. Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates -- ARTICLE -- 114. Appropriation Bills -- 115. Supplementary, additional or excess grants.-- 116. Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. -- 117.Special provisions as to financial Bills -- Procedure Generally -- 118. Rules of procedure.-- 119. Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial -- business. -- 120 Language to be used in Parliament. -- 121. Restriction on discussion in Parliament -- 122. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament -- CHAPTER III-LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT -- 123. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of -- Parliament. -- CHAPTER IV-THE UNION JUDICIARY -- 124. Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court -- 125. Salaries, etc., of Judges -- 126. Appointment of acting Chief Justice. -- 127. Appointment of ad hoc Judges. -- 128. Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court. -- 129. Supreme Court to be a court of record -- 130. Seat of Supreme Court -- 131. Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. -- 131. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court -- 131A. [Repealed.] 132. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts -- in certain cases -- 133. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High courts -- in regard to civil matters -- 134. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters -- 134A. Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court -- 135. Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to -- be exercisable by the Supreme Court -- 136. Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court. -- 137. Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court. -- 138 Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court -- 139. Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs. -- 139A. Transfer of certain cases. -- 140. Ancillary powers of Supreme Court -- 141. Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts -- 142. Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as -- to discovery, etc. -- 143. Power of President to consult Supreme Court -- 144. Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.-- [Repealed.] -- ARTICLE -- 145. Rules of Court, etc. -- 146. Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court. -- 147. Interpretation. -- CHAPTER V. COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA -- 148. Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. -- 149. Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General -- 150. Form of accounts of the Union and of the States -- 151. Audit reports -- PART VI -- THE STATES -- CHAPTER I.-GENERAL -- 152. Definition. -- CHAPTER II-THE EXECUTIVE -- The Governor -- 153. Governors of States -- 154. Executive power of State -- 155. Appointment of Governor.-- 156. Term of office of Governor. -- 157. Qualifications for appointment as Governor -- 158. Conditions of Governor's office. -- 159. Oath or affirmation by the Governor.-- 160. Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies. -- 161. Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or -- commute sentences in certain cases -- 162. Extent of executive power of State. -- Council of Ministers -- 163. Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor -- 164. Other provisions as to Ministers -- The Advocate-General for the State -- 165. Advocate-General for the State -- Conduct of Government Business -- 166. Conduct of business of the Government of a State -- 167. Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to -- Governor, etc. -- CHAPTER III.-THE STATE LEGISLATURE -- General -- 168. Constitution of Legislatures in States -- 169. Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States -- ARTICLE -- 170. Composition of the Legislative Assemblies -- 171. Composition of the Legislative Councils -- 172. Duration of State Legislatures -- 173. Qualification for membership of the State Legislature -- 174. Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution -- 175. Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or -- Houses -- 176. Special address by the Governor -- 177. Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses -- Officers of the State Legislature -- 178. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. -- 179. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speake -- and Deputy Speaker. -- 180. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties -- of the office of, or to act as, Speaker -- 181. The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution -- for his removal from office is under consideration -- 182. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council -- 183. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of -- Chairman and Deputy Chairman -- 184. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the -- duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman -- 185. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a -- resolution for his removal from office is under consideration -- 186. Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the -- Chairman and Deputy Chairman -- 187. Secretariat of State Legislature -- Conduct of Business -- 188. Oath or affirmation by members -- 189. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies -- and quorum -- Disqualifications of Members -- 190. Vacation of seats -- 191. Disqualifications for membership -- 192. Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members -- 193. Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation -- under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified -- Powers, Privileges and Immunities of State Legislatures and their Members -- 194. Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the -- members and committees thereof -- 195. Salaries and allowances of members -- ARTICLE -- 196. Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills -- 197. Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than -- Money Bills -- 198. Special procedure in respect of Money Bills -- 199. Definition of "Money Bills" -- 200. Assent to Bills -- 201. Bills reserved for consideration -- Procedure in Financial Matters -- 202. Annual financial statement. -- 203. Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates. -- 204. Appropriation Bills. -- 205. Supplementary, additional or excess grants -- 206. Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. -- 207. Special provisions as to financial Bills. -- Procedure Generally -- 208. Rules of procedure -- 209. Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in -- relation to financial business. -- 210. Language to be used in the Legislature -- 211. Restriction on discussion in the Legislature. -- 212. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature -- CHAPTER IV.-LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR -- 213. Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of -- Legislature. -- CHAPTER V.-THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES -- 214. High Courts for States. -- 215. High Courts to be courts of record -- 216. Constitution of High Courts -- 217. Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court -- 218. Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High -- Courts. -- 219. Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts. -- 220. Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge. -- 221. Salaries, etc., of Judges. -- 222. Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another -- 223. Appointment of acting Chief Justice. -- 224. Appointment of additional and acting Judges. -- 224A. Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts -- 225. Jurisdiction of existing High Courts -- 226. Power of High Courts to issue certain writs -- 226A. [Repealed 1] ARTICLE -- 227.Power of superintendence over certain by the High Court -- 228. Transfer of certain cases to High Courts -- 228A. [Repealed.]. -- 229. Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts -- 230. Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories -- 231. Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States -- CHAPTER VI.-SUBORDINATE COURTS -- 233. Appointment of district judges -- 233A. Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, -- certain district judges. -- 234. Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial -- service -- 235. Control over subordinate courts -- 236. Interpretation -- 237. Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or -- classes of magistrates. -- PART VII -- THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE -- 238.[Repealed] -- PART VIII -- THE UNION TERRITORIES -- 239. Administration of Union territories. -- 239A. Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for -- certain Union territories -- 239AA. Special provisions with respect to Delhi -- 239AB. Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery -- 239B. Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of -- Legislature -- 240. Power of President to make regulations for certain Union -- territories -- 241. High Courts for Union territories. -- 242. [Repealed.] -- PART IX -- THE PANCHAYATS -- 243. Definitions -- 243A. Gram Sabha -- 243B. Constitution of Panchayats. -- 243C. Composition of Panchayats. -- 243D. Reservation of seats -- 243E. Duration of Panchayats, etc. -- 243F. Disqualifications for membership -- 243G.Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats -- 243H. Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats -- ARTICLE -- 243I. Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position. -- 243J. Audit of accounts of Panchayats -- 243K. Elections to the Panchayats -- 243L. Application to Union territories. -- 243M. Part not to apply to certain areas. -- 243N. Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats. -- 243-O. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters -- PART IXA -- THE MUNICIPALITIES -- 243 P. Definitions -- 243Q.Constitution of Municipalities -- 243R. Composition of Municipalities. -- 243S. Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc. -- 243T. Reservation of seats -- 243U.Duration of Municipalities, etc. -- 243 V. Disqualifications for membership. -- 243W. Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc. -- 243X. Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities. -- 243Y. Finance Commission -- 243Z. Audit of accounts of Municipalities. -- 243ZA. Elections to the Municipalities -- 243ZB. Application to Union territories. -- 243ZC. Part not to apply to certain areas. -- 243ZD. Committee for district planning. -- 243ZE. Committee for Metropolitan planning. -- 243ZF. Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities. -- 243ZG. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters -- PART X -- THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS -- 244. Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas -- 244A. Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in -- Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or -- both therefor -- PART XI -- RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES -- CHAPTER I.-LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS -- Distribution of Legislative Powers -- 245. Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States -- 246. Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures -- of States -- ARTICLE -- 247. Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain -- additional courts . -- 248. Residuary powers of legislation -- 249. Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State -- List in the National interest -- 250. Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the -- State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation. -- 251. Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 -- and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States -- 252. Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent -- and adoption of such legislation by any other State -- 253. Legislation for giving effect to international agreements -- 254. Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by -- the Legislatures of States -- 255. Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be -- regarded as matters of procedure only -- CHAPTER II-ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS -- General -- 256. Obligation of States and the Union -- 257. Control of the Union over States in certain cases. -- 257A. [Repealed.]. -- 258. Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases -- 258A. Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union. -- 259. [Repealed.]. -- 260. Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India. -- 261. Public acts, records and judicial proceedings. -- Disputes relating to Waters -- 262. Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or -- river valleys. -- Co-ordination between States -- 263. Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council -- PART XII -- FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS -- CHAPTER I-FINANCE -- General -- 264. Interpretation. -- 265. Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law -- 266. Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States -- ARTICLE -- 267. Contingency Fund -- 268. Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the -- States -- 269. Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States -- 270. Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States.-- 271. Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union. -- 272. [Repealed.] -- 273. Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products. -- 274. Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting -- taxation in which States are interested -- 275. Grants from the Union to certain States -- 276. Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments. -- 277. Savings -- 278. [Repealed.]. -- 279 Calculation of "net proceeds", etc. -- 280. Finance Commission -- 281. Recommendations of the Finance Commission -- Miscellaneous Financial Provisions -- 282. Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues -- 283. Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys -- credited to the public accounts -- 284. Custody of suitors' deposits and other moneys received by public -- servants and courts -- 285. Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation -- 286. Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods -- 287. Exemption from taxes on electricity. -- 288. Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity -- in certain cases -- 289. Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation -- 290. Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions. -- 290A. Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds -- 291. [Repealed.] -- CHAPTER II.-BORROWING -- 292. Borrowing by the Government of India. -- 293. Borrowing by States -- CHAPTER III-PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, -- LIABILITIES, OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS -- 294. Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in -- certain cases -- ARTICLE -- 295. Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in -- other cases. -- 296. Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia -- 297. Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and -- resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union -- 298. Power to carry on trade, etc. -- 299. Contracts. -- 300. Suits and proceedings -- CHAPTER IV.-RIGHT TO PROPERTY -- 300A. Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law -- PART XIII -- TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE -- TERRITORY OF INDIA -- 301. Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse -- 302. Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and -- intercourse -- 303. Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States -- with regard to trade and commerce. -- 304. Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States -- 305. Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies -- 306. [Repealed.] -- 307. Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of -- articles 301 to 304 -- PART XIV -- SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES -- CHAPTER I.-SERVICES -- 308. Interpretation -- 309. Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union -- or a State -- 310. Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State. -- 311. Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil -- capacities under the Union or a State. -- 312. All-India services -- 312A. Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of -- officers of certain services. -- 313. Transitional provisions -- 314. [Repealed.]. -- CHAPTER II.-PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS -- 315. Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States. -- 316. Appointment and term of office of members -- ARTICLE -- 317. Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service -- Commission. -- 318. Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members -- and staff of the Commission. -- 319. Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission -- on ceasing to be such members -- 320. Functions of Public Service Commissions. -- 321. Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions -- 322. Expenses of Public Service Commissions. -- 323. Reports of Public Service Commissions -- PART XIVA -- TRIBUNALS -- 323A. Administrative tribunals -- 323B. Tribunals for other matters -- PART XV -- ELECTIONS -- 324. Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in -- an Election Commission. -- 325. No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included -- in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex -- 326. Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies -- of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage -- 327. Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to -- elections to Legislatures -- 328. Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to -- elections to such Legislature -- 329. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters -- 329A. [Repealed.]. -- PART XVI -- SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES -- 330. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the -- House of the People -- 331. Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the -- People. -- 332. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in -- the Legislative Assemblies of the States. -- 333. Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative -- Assemblies of the States. -- 334. Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after sixty -- years -- 335. Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and -- posts -- 336. Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services. -- ARTICLE -- 337. Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit -- of Anglo-Indian community. -- 338. National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes -- 339. Control of the Union over the Administration of Scheduled Areas -- and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes. -- 340. Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of -- backward classes. -- 341. Scheduled Castes -- 342. Scheduled Tribes -- PART XVII -- OFFICIAL LANGUAGE -- CHAPTER 1-LANGUAGE OF THE UNION -- 343. Official language of the Union -- 344. Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language -- CHAPTER II-REGIONAL LANGUAGES -- 345. Official language or languages of a State -- 346. Official language for communication between one State and another -- or between a State and the Union. -- 347. Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the -- population of a State -- CHAPTER III-LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURTS, ETC. -- 348. Language to be used in the Supreme Court -- and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc. -- 349. Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language. -- CHAPTER IV-SPECIAL DIRECTIVES -- 350. Languages to be used in representations for redress of grievances. -- 350A. Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage -- 350B. Special Officer for linguistic minorities -- 351. Directive for development of the Hindi language. -- PART XVIII -- EMERGENCY PROVISIONS -- 352. Proclamation of Emergency. -- 353. Effect of Proclamation of Emergency. -- 354. Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a -- Proclamation of Emergency is in operation -- 355. Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and -- internal disturbance -- 356. Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States -- ARTICLE -- 257. Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356 -- 258. Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies -- 359. Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III -- during emergencies --. 359A. [Repealed.]. -- 360. Provisions as to financial emergency -- PART XIX -- MISCELLANEOUS -- 361. Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs -- 361A. Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State -- Legislatures -- 362. [Repealed.]. -- 363. Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, -- agreements, etc. -- 363A. Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy -- purses to be abolished -- 364. Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes. -- 365. Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given -- by the Union -- 366.Definitions -- 367 .Interpretation -- PART XX -- AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION -- 368. Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor -- PART XXI -- TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS -- 369. Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain -- matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List -- 370. Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir -- 371. Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat.-- 371A. Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland. -- 371B. Special provision with respect to the State of Assam -- 371C. Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur. -- 371D. Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh -- 371E. Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh. -- 371F. Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim -- 371G. Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram -- 371H. Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh. -- 371-I. Special provision with respect to the State of Goa -- 372. Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation -- 372A. Power of the President to adapt laws -- 373. Power of President to make order in respect of persons under -- preventive detention in certain cases -- ARTICLE -- 374. Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending -- in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council. -- 375. Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the -- provisions of the Constitution -- 376. Provisions as to Judges of High Courts -- 377. Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. -- 378. Provisions as to Public Service Commissions -- 378A. Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative -- Assembly -- 379-391 [Repealed.] -- 392. Power of the President to remove difficulties. -- PART XXII -- SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE -- TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS -- 393. Short title. -- 394. Commencement. -- 394A. Authoritative text in the Hindi language -- 395. Repeals -- SCHEDULES -- FIRST SCHEDULE -- I. The States. -- 11. The Union territories -- SECOND SCHEDULE -- Part A- Provisions as to the President and the Governors of States. -- Part B [Repealed.]. -- Part C Provisions as to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House -- of the People and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the -- Council of States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the -- Legislative Assembly and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman -- of the Legislative Council of a State -- Part D- Provisions as to the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High -- Part E- Provisions as to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. -- THIRD SCHEDULE-Forms of Oaths or Affirmations. -- FOURTH SCHEDULE-Allocation of seats in the Council of States -- FIFTH SCHEDULE-Provisions as to the Administration and Control of -- Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. -- Part A-General, -- Part B-Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. -- Part C-Scheduled Areas. -- Part D-Amendment of the Schedule -- ARTICLE -- SIXTH SCHEDULE-Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the -- States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram -- SEVENTH SCHEDULE -- List I-Union List -- List II-State List. -- List III-Concurrent List. -- EIGHTH SCHEDULE-Languages -- NINTH SCHEDULE-Validation of certain Acts and Regulations. -- TENTH SCHEDULE-Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection -- ELEVENTH SCHEDULE-Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats. -- TWELFTH SCHEDULE-Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, -- etc -- APPENDIX I-The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 -- APPENDIX II-Re-statement, with reference to the present text of the -- Constitution, of the exceptions and modifications subject to -- which the Constitution applies to the State of Jammu and -- Kashmir. -- APPENDIX III-Extracts from the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment ) -- Act, 1978. -- INDEX ER -