Part I GENERAL PRINCIPLES --]
1 Basic Concepts and Themes --
1.1 Introduction --
1.2 Written constitutions --
1.3 The differences between written and unwritten constitutions --
1.4 The structure of the UK constitution --
1.5 Public law and private law --
1.6 Constitutional law and administrative law --
1.7 The development of the United Kingdom Constitution --
1.8 What makes a constitution 'valid"? --
2 The Sources of the Constitution --
2.1 Introduction --
2.2 The basic principle --
2.3 General political and moral values --
2.4 Strict law --
2.5 Conventions --
3 Constitutionalism: The Rule of Law and the Separation of Powers --
3.1 Constitutionalism --
3.2 The rule of law --
3.3 The separation of powers --
4 Parliamentary Supremacy --
4.1 The doctrine of parliamentary supremacy --
4.2 Legal and political supremacy --
4.3 The ingredients of an Act of Parliament --
4.4 The historical basis of parliamentary supremacy --
4.5 Legal limits upon parliamentary supremacy? --
4.6 Delegated legislation --
5 The Territory of the United Kingdom: Citizenship and Foreign Affairs --
5.1 Federal and unitary constitutions --
5.2 The structure of the United Kingdom --
5.3 The Commonwealth --
5.4 Citizenship --
5.5 Allegiance --
5.6 International treaties --
6 The European Union --
6.1 The purposes of the European Union --
6.2 Union Organs --
6.3 Community law and national law --
6.4 The Maastricht Treaty: A Note --
Part II PARLIAMENT --
7 The Constitutional Position of Parliament --
7.1 The meeting of Parliament --
7.2 The functions of Parliament --
7.3 Parliamentary privilege --
8 The House of Lords --
8.1 Historical development --
8.2 The modern law: The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 --
8.3 The modern role of the Lords --
8.4 The composition of the House of Lords --
8.5 Attendance in the House of Lords --
8.6 Reform of the House of Lords --
9 The House of Commons --
9.1 Historical development --
9.2 The electoral system --
10 Parliamentary Procedure --
10.1 Introduction --
10.2 The Speaker --
10.3 Legislative procedure --
10.4 Parliament and public finance --
10.5 Parliamentary supervision of the executive --
10.6 The redress of grievances --
10.7 Procedure in the House of Lords --
10.8 Conclusion --
Part III THE EXECUTIVE --
11. The Crown --
11.1 The state, the government and the Crown --
11.2 The nature of the Crown --
11.3 The Queen --
11.4 The functions of the monarchy --
12. The Powers of the Crown --
12.1 The sources of government power --
12.2 Private law powers --
12.3 Crown Immunities --
12.4 The Royal Prerogative --
13 Ministers and Departments --
13.1 The prime minister --
13.2 The cabinet --
13.3 Ministers --
13.4 Government departments --
13.5 Ministerial responsibility --
13.6 Civil servants --
13.7 Next Steps agencies and Citizens' Charters --
13.8 The armed forces --
4. Government Secrecy --
14.1 Introduction --
14.2 No duty of disclosure --
14.3 The Official Secrets Act 1989: The criminal law--
14.4 Civil liability: Breach of confidence --
14.4 Public interest immunity --
15. Ad Hoc Bodies 1--
15.1 Introduction --
15.2 Constitutional justification --
15.3 Relations with the central government--
15.4 The courts --
15.5 Publicity and complaints mechanisms --
16 Local Government --
16.1 Local Authority Structure and Functions --
16.2 Structure --
16.3 Control by central government of local authorities --
16.4 The internal constitution --
16.5 Local government finance --
16.6 Accountability --
Part IV THE JUDICIAL BRANCH --
17 The Judiciary --
17.1 The constitutional position of the judiciary --
17.2 Security of tenure --
17.3 Appointments and promotions --
17.4 Judicial independence and accountability --
17.5 Judicial lawmaking --
17.6 Judicial immunity --
17.7 Contempt of court --
17.8 Publicity --
18 Tribunals and Inquiries --
18.1 Tribunals --
18.2 Inquiries --
19 Judicial Review of the Executive --
19.1 Introduction: The scope of judicial review --
19.2 The application for judicial review procedure --
19.3 The grounds of judicial review --
Part V CIVIL LIBERTIES --
20 Civil Liberties: General Principles --
20.1 Introduction --
20.2 Statutory protection of civil liberties --
20.3 The European Convention on Human Rights --
20.4 Enacting a bill of rights --
21 Freedom of Expression --
21.1 Introduction: prior restraint --
21.2 Censorship --
21.3 Offences involving obscenity and indecency --
21.4 The protection of private interests --
21.5 Contempt of court --
21.6 Attacks on established orthodoxy --
21.7 Public order --
22 The Police --
22.1 Organisation of the police --
22.2 The status of a constable --
22.3 Police accountability --
23 Police Powers of Arrest and Search in the Investigation of Crime --
23.1 Introduction --
23.2 Pre-arrest questioning --
23.3 Stop and search --
23.4 Reasonable grounds for suspecting --
23.5 Search under section 1 --
23.6 Proprieties: sections 2, 3 --
23.7 Road checks --
23.8 Serious arrestable offence --
23.9 Arrest --
23.10 Police searches during the investigation of crime --
23.11 Search warrants --
23.12 In the station: An outline --
23.13 Conclusion Emergency --
24. Powers and National Security --
24.1 Introduction --
24.2 States of emergency --
24.3 Anti-terrorist legislation --
24.4 The security services --
24.5 Conclusion Appendices --
1 The Bill of Rights 1688 --
2 European Communities Act 1972 EC Treaty (as amended by the Maastricht Treaty on European Union) --
Treaty on European Union 1992 --
3 Official Secrets Act 1989 --
4 Supreme Court Act 1981 --
5 European Convention on Human Rights 1950 --
6 Public Order Act 1986 --
7 The Commonwealth of Britain Bill --
Bibliography --
Index.