Formatted contents note |
PART I --<br/>THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>1. Name and territory of the Union --<br/>2. Admission or establishment of new States --<br/>2A . [Repealed.]. --<br/>3. Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names --<br/>of existing States. --<br/>4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of --<br/>the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and --<br/>consequential matters --<br/>PART II --<br/>CITIZENSHIP --<br/>5. Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution --<br/>6. Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India --<br/>from Pakistan --<br/>7. Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan. --<br/>8. Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing --<br/>outside India. --<br/>9. Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be --<br/>citizens --<br/>10. Continuance of the rights of citizenship --<br/>11. Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law --<br/>PART III --<br/>FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS --<br/>General --<br/>12. Definition. --<br/>13. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights. --<br/>Right to Equality --<br/>14. Equality before law. --<br/>15. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or --<br/>place of birth. --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>16. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. --<br/>17. Abolition of Untouchability. --<br/>18. Abolition of titles. --<br/>Right to Freedom --<br/>19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc. --<br/>20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences. --<br/>21. Protection of life and personal liberty --<br/>22. Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases --<br/>Right against Exploitation --<br/>23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour --<br/>24. Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. --<br/>Right to Freedom of Religion --<br/>25 Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation --<br/>of religion --<br/>26. Freedom to manage religious affairs --<br/>27. Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particula --<br/>religion --<br/>28. Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship --<br/>in certain educational institutions --<br/>Cultural and Educational Rights --<br/>29. Protection of interests of minorities --<br/>30. Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions --<br/>31. [Repealed.] --<br/>Saving of Certain Laws --<br/>31A. Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc. --<br/>31B. Validation of certain Acts and Regulations --<br/>31C. Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles --<br/>31D [Repealed.].--<br/>Right to Constitutional Remedies --<br/>32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part. --<br/>[Repealed] --<br/>33. Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in --<br/>their application to Forces,etc --<br/>34. Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in --<br/>force in any area --<br/>35. Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part -- <br/>PART IV -- <br/>DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY --<br/>36. Definition. --<br/>37. Application of the principles contained in this Part --<br/>38. State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the --<br/>people. --<br/>39. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.--<br/>39A. Equal justice and free legal aid --<br/>40. Organisation of village panchayats --<br/>41. Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain --<br/>cases --<br/>42. Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. --<br/>43. Living wage, etc., for workers. --<br/>43A. Participation of workers in management of Industries --<br/>44. Uniform civil code for the citizens --<br/>45. Provision for free and compulsory education for children --<br/>46. Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, --<br/>Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections --<br/>47. Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard --<br/>of living and to improve public health --<br/>48. Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry. --<br/>48A. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of --<br/>forests and wild life --<br/>49. Protection of monuments and places and objects of importance national --<br/>importance --<br/>50. Separation of judiciary from executive. --<br/>51. Promotion of international peace and security --<br/>PART IVA --<br/>FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES --<br/>51A. Fundamental duties --<br/>PART V --<br/>THE UNION --<br/>CHAPTER I.-THE EXECUTIVE --<br/>The President and Vice-President --<br/>52. The President of India --<br/>53. Executive power of the Union. --<br/>54. Election of President --<br/>55. Manner of election of President --<br/>56. Term of office of President --<br/>57. Eligibility for re-election --<br/>58. Qualifications for election as President --<br/>59. Conditions of President's office. -- <br/>ARTICLE --<br/>60. Oath or affirmation by the President --<br/>61. Procedure for impeachment of the President. --<br/>62. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and --<br/>the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy. --<br/>63. The Vice-President of India. --<br/>64. The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of --<br/>the Council of States -- <br/>65. The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions --<br/>during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of --<br/>President --<br/>66. Election of Vice-President --<br/>67. Term of office of Vice-President --<br/>68. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President --<br/>and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy --<br/>69. Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President. --<br/>70. Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies --<br/>71. Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or --<br/>Vice-President. --<br/>72. Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or --<br/>commute sentences in certain cases --<br/>73. Extent of executive power of the Union --<br/>Council of Ministers --<br/>74. Council of Ministers to aid and advise President --<br/>75. Other provisions as to Ministers. --<br/>The Attorney-General for India --<br/>76. Attorney-General for India --<br/>Conduct of Government Business --<br/>77. Conduct of business of the Government of India --<br/>78. Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to --<br/>the President, etc. --<br/>CHAPTER-II-PARLIAMENT --<br/>General --<br/>79. Constitution of Parliament --<br/>80. Composition of the Council of States --<br/>81. Composition of the House of the People. --<br/>82. Readjustment after each census --<br/>83. Duration of Houses of Parliament. --<br/>84. Qualification for membership of Parliament. --<br/>85. Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution. --<br/>86. Right of President to address and send messages to Houses --<br/>87. Special address by the President --<br/>88. Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses -- <br/>ARTICLE --<br/>89. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States --<br/>90. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of --<br/>Deputy Chairman. --<br/>91. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties --<br/>of the office of, or to act as, Chairman. --<br/>92. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a --<br/>resolution for his removal from office is under consideration --<br/>93. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People. --<br/>94. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker --<br/>and Deputy Speaker --<br/>95. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties --<br/>of the office of, or to act as, Speaker --<br/>96. The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution --<br/>for his removal from office is under consideration --<br/>97. Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and --<br/>the Speaker and Deputy Speaker --<br/>98. Secretariat of Parliament. --<br/>Conduct of Business --<br/>99. Oath or affirmation by members --<br/>100. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies --<br/>and quorum --<br/>Disqualifications of Members --<br/>101. Vacation of seats --<br/>102. Disqualifications for membership --<br/>103. Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members --<br/>104. Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation --<br/>under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified --<br/>Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members --<br/>105. Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members --<br/>and committees thereof. --<br/>106. Salaries and allowances of members. --<br/>Legislative procedure --<br/>107. Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills --<br/>108. Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases --<br/>109. Special procedure in respect of Money Bills --<br/>110. Definition of "Money Bills" --<br/>111. Assent to Bills --<br/>Procedure in Financial Matters --<br/>112. Annual financial statement. --<br/>113. Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>114. Appropriation Bills --<br/>115. Supplementary, additional or excess grants.--<br/>116. Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. --<br/>117.Special provisions as to financial Bills --<br/>Procedure Generally --<br/>118. Rules of procedure.--<br/>119. Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial --<br/>business. --<br/>120 Language to be used in Parliament. --<br/>121. Restriction on discussion in Parliament --<br/>122. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament --<br/>CHAPTER III-LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT --<br/>123. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of --<br/>Parliament. --<br/>CHAPTER IV-THE UNION JUDICIARY --<br/>124. Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court --<br/>125. Salaries, etc., of Judges --<br/>126. Appointment of acting Chief Justice. --<br/>127. Appointment of ad hoc Judges. --<br/>128. Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court. --<br/>129. Supreme Court to be a court of record --<br/>130. Seat of Supreme Court --<br/>131. Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. --<br/>131. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court --<br/>131A. [Repealed.]<br/>132. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts --<br/>in certain cases --<br/>133. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High courts --<br/>in regard to civil matters --<br/>134. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters --<br/>134A. Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court --<br/>135. Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to --<br/>be exercisable by the Supreme Court --<br/>136. Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court. --<br/>137. Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court. --<br/>138 Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court --<br/>139. Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs. --<br/>139A. Transfer of certain cases. --<br/>140. Ancillary powers of Supreme Court --<br/>141. Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts --<br/>142. Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as --<br/>to discovery, etc. --<br/>143. Power of President to consult Supreme Court --<br/>144. Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.--<br/> [Repealed.] --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>145. Rules of Court, etc. --<br/>146. Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court. --<br/>147. Interpretation. --<br/>CHAPTER V. COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA --<br/>148. Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. --<br/>149. Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General --<br/>150. Form of accounts of the Union and of the States --<br/>151. Audit reports --<br/>PART VI --<br/>THE STATES --<br/>CHAPTER I.-GENERAL --<br/>152. Definition. --<br/>CHAPTER II-THE EXECUTIVE --<br/>The Governor --<br/>153. Governors of States --<br/>154. Executive power of State --<br/>155. Appointment of Governor.--<br/>156. Term of office of Governor. --<br/>157. Qualifications for appointment as Governor --<br/>158. Conditions of Governor's office. --<br/>159. Oath or affirmation by the Governor.--<br/>160. Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies. --<br/>161. Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or --<br/>commute sentences in certain cases --<br/>162. Extent of executive power of State. --<br/>Council of Ministers --<br/>163. Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor --<br/>164. Other provisions as to Ministers --<br/>The Advocate-General for the State --<br/>165. Advocate-General for the State --<br/>Conduct of Government Business --<br/>166. Conduct of business of the Government of a State --<br/>167. Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to --<br/>Governor, etc. --<br/>CHAPTER III.-THE STATE LEGISLATURE --<br/>General --<br/>168. Constitution of Legislatures in States --<br/>169. Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>170. Composition of the Legislative Assemblies --<br/>171. Composition of the Legislative Councils -- <br/>172. Duration of State Legislatures --<br/>173. Qualification for membership of the State Legislature --<br/>174. Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution --<br/>175. Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or --<br/>Houses --<br/>176. Special address by the Governor -- <br/>177. Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses --<br/>Officers of the State Legislature --<br/>178. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. --<br/>179. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speake --<br/>and Deputy Speaker. --<br/>180. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties --<br/>of the office of, or to act as, Speaker --<br/>181. The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution --<br/>for his removal from office is under consideration --<br/>182. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council --<br/>183. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of --<br/>Chairman and Deputy Chairman --<br/>184. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the --<br/>duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman --<br/>185. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a --<br/>resolution for his removal from office is under consideration --<br/>186. Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the --<br/>Chairman and Deputy Chairman --<br/>187. Secretariat of State Legislature --<br/> Conduct of Business --<br/>188. Oath or affirmation by members --<br/>189. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies --<br/>and quorum --<br/>Disqualifications of Members --<br/>190. Vacation of seats --<br/>191. Disqualifications for membership --<br/>192. Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members --<br/>193. Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation --<br/>under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified --<br/>Powers, Privileges and Immunities of State Legislatures and their Members --<br/>194. Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the --<br/>members and committees thereof --<br/>195. Salaries and allowances of members --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>196. Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills --<br/>197. Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than --<br/>Money Bills --<br/>198. Special procedure in respect of Money Bills --<br/>199. Definition of "Money Bills" --<br/> 200. Assent to Bills --<br/>201. Bills reserved for consideration --<br/>Procedure in Financial Matters --<br/>202. Annual financial statement. --<br/>203. Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates. --<br/>204. Appropriation Bills. --<br/>205. Supplementary, additional or excess grants --<br/>206. Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. --<br/>207. Special provisions as to financial Bills. --<br/>Procedure Generally --<br/>208. Rules of procedure --<br/>209. Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in --<br/>relation to financial business. --<br/>210. Language to be used in the Legislature --<br/>211. Restriction on discussion in the Legislature. --<br/>212. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature --<br/>CHAPTER IV.-LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR --<br/>213. Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of --<br/>Legislature. --<br/>CHAPTER V.-THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES --<br/>214. High Courts for States. --<br/>215. High Courts to be courts of record --<br/>216. Constitution of High Courts --<br/>217. Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court --<br/>218. Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High --<br/>Courts. --<br/>219. Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts. --<br/>220. Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge. --<br/>221. Salaries, etc., of Judges. --<br/>222. Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another --<br/>223. Appointment of acting Chief Justice. --<br/>224. Appointment of additional and acting Judges. --<br/>224A. Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts --<br/>225. Jurisdiction of existing High Courts --<br/>226. Power of High Courts to issue certain writs --<br/>226A. [Repealed 1]<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>227.Power of superintendence over certain by the High Court --<br/>228. Transfer of certain cases to High Courts --<br/>228A. [Repealed.]. --<br/>229. Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts --<br/>230. Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories --<br/>231. Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States --<br/>CHAPTER VI.-SUBORDINATE COURTS --<br/>233. Appointment of district judges --<br/>233A. Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, --<br/>certain district judges. --<br/>234. Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial --<br/>service --<br/>235. Control over subordinate courts --<br/>236. Interpretation --<br/>237. Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or --<br/>classes of magistrates. --<br/>PART VII --<br/>THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE --<br/>238.[Repealed] --<br/>PART VIII --<br/>THE UNION TERRITORIES --<br/>239. Administration of Union territories. --<br/>239A. Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for --<br/>certain Union territories --<br/>239AA. Special provisions with respect to Delhi --<br/>239AB. Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery --<br/>239B. Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of --<br/>Legislature --<br/>240. Power of President to make regulations for certain Union --<br/>territories --<br/>241. High Courts for Union territories. --<br/>242. [Repealed.] --<br/>PART IX --<br/>THE PANCHAYATS --<br/>243. Definitions --<br/>243A. Gram Sabha --<br/>243B. Constitution of Panchayats. --<br/>243C. Composition of Panchayats. --<br/>243D. Reservation of seats --<br/>243E. Duration of Panchayats, etc. --<br/>243F. Disqualifications for membership --<br/>243G.Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats --<br/>243H. Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>243I. Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position. --<br/>243J. Audit of accounts of Panchayats --<br/>243K. Elections to the Panchayats --<br/>243L. Application to Union territories. --<br/>243M. Part not to apply to certain areas. --<br/>243N. Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats. --<br/>243-O. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters --<br/>PART IXA --<br/>THE MUNICIPALITIES --<br/>243 P. Definitions --<br/>243Q.Constitution of Municipalities --<br/>243R. Composition of Municipalities. --<br/>243S. Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc. --<br/>243T. Reservation of seats --<br/>243U.Duration of Municipalities, etc. --<br/>243 V. Disqualifications for membership. --<br/>243W. Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc. --<br/>243X. Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities. --<br/>243Y. Finance Commission --<br/>243Z. Audit of accounts of Municipalities. --<br/>243ZA. Elections to the Municipalities --<br/>243ZB. Application to Union territories. --<br/>243ZC. Part not to apply to certain areas. --<br/>243ZD. Committee for district planning. --<br/>243ZE. Committee for Metropolitan planning. --<br/>243ZF. Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities. --<br/>243ZG. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters --<br/>PART X --<br/>THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS --<br/>244. Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas --<br/>244A. Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in --<br/>Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or --<br/>both therefor --<br/>PART XI --<br/>RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES --<br/>CHAPTER I.-LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS --<br/>Distribution of Legislative Powers --<br/>245. Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States --<br/>246. Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures --<br/>of States --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>247. Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain --<br/>additional courts . --<br/>248. Residuary powers of legislation --<br/>249. Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State --<br/>List in the National interest --<br/>250. Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the --<br/>State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation. --<br/>251. Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 --<br/>and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States --<br/>252. Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent --<br/>and adoption of such legislation by any other State --<br/>253. Legislation for giving effect to international agreements --<br/>254. Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by --<br/>the Legislatures of States --<br/>255. Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be --<br/>regarded as matters of procedure only --<br/>CHAPTER II-ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS --<br/>General --<br/>256. Obligation of States and the Union --<br/>257. Control of the Union over States in certain cases. --<br/>257A. [Repealed.]. --<br/>258. Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases --<br/>258A. Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union. --<br/>259. [Repealed.]. --<br/>260. Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India. --<br/>261. Public acts, records and judicial proceedings. --<br/>Disputes relating to Waters --<br/>262. Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or --<br/>river valleys. --<br/>Co-ordination between States --<br/>263. Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council --<br/>PART XII --<br/>FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS --<br/>CHAPTER I-FINANCE --<br/>General --<br/>264. Interpretation. --<br/>265. Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law --<br/>266. Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States -- <br/>ARTICLE --<br/>267. Contingency Fund --<br/>268. Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the --<br/>States --<br/>269. Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States --<br/>270. Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States.--<br/>271. Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union. --<br/>272. [Repealed.] --<br/>273. Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products. --<br/>274. Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting --<br/>taxation in which States are interested --<br/>275. Grants from the Union to certain States --<br/>276. Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments. --<br/>277. Savings --<br/>278. [Repealed.]. --<br/>279 Calculation of "net proceeds", etc. --<br/>280. Finance Commission --<br/>281. Recommendations of the Finance Commission --<br/>Miscellaneous Financial Provisions --<br/>282. Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues --<br/>283. Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys --<br/>credited to the public accounts --<br/>284. Custody of suitors' deposits and other moneys received by public --<br/>servants and courts --<br/>285. Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation --<br/>286. Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods --<br/>287. Exemption from taxes on electricity. --<br/>288. Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity --<br/>in certain cases --<br/>289. Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation --<br/>290. Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions. --<br/>290A. Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds --<br/>291. [Repealed.] --<br/>CHAPTER II.-BORROWING --<br/>292. Borrowing by the Government of India. --<br/>293. Borrowing by States --<br/>CHAPTER III-PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, --<br/>LIABILITIES, OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS --<br/>294. Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in --<br/>certain cases --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>295. Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in --<br/>other cases. --<br/>296. Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia --<br/>297. Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and --<br/>resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union --<br/>298. Power to carry on trade, etc. --<br/>299. Contracts. --<br/>300. Suits and proceedings --<br/>CHAPTER IV.-RIGHT TO PROPERTY --<br/>300A. Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law --<br/>PART XIII --<br/>TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE --<br/>TERRITORY OF INDIA --<br/>301. Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse --<br/>302. Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and --<br/>intercourse --<br/>303. Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States --<br/>with regard to trade and commerce. --<br/>304. Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States --<br/>305. Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies --<br/>306. [Repealed.] --<br/>307. Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of --<br/>articles 301 to 304 --<br/>PART XIV --<br/>SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES --<br/>CHAPTER I.-SERVICES --<br/>308. Interpretation --<br/>309. Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union --<br/>or a State --<br/>310. Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State. --<br/>311. Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil --<br/>capacities under the Union or a State. --<br/>312. All-India services --<br/>312A. Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of --<br/>officers of certain services. --<br/>313. Transitional provisions --<br/>314. [Repealed.]. --<br/>CHAPTER II.-PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS --<br/>315. Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States. --<br/>316. Appointment and term of office of members --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>317. Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service --<br/>Commission. --<br/>318. Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members --<br/>and staff of the Commission. --<br/>319. Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission --<br/>on ceasing to be such members --<br/>320. Functions of Public Service Commissions. --<br/>321. Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions --<br/>322. Expenses of Public Service Commissions. --<br/>323. Reports of Public Service Commissions --<br/>PART XIVA --<br/>TRIBUNALS --<br/>323A. Administrative tribunals --<br/>323B. Tribunals for other matters --<br/>PART XV --<br/>ELECTIONS --<br/>324. Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in --<br/>an Election Commission. --<br/>325. No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included --<br/>in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex --<br/>326. Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies --<br/>of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage --<br/>327. Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to --<br/>elections to Legislatures --<br/>328. Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to --<br/>elections to such Legislature --<br/>329. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters --<br/>329A. [Repealed.]. --<br/>PART XVI --<br/>SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES --<br/>330. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the --<br/>House of the People --<br/>331. Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the --<br/>People. --<br/>332. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in --<br/>the Legislative Assemblies of the States. --<br/>333. Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative --<br/>Assemblies of the States. --<br/>334. Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after sixty --<br/>years --<br/>335. Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and --<br/>posts --<br/>336. Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services. -- <br/>ARTICLE --<br/>337. Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit --<br/>of Anglo-Indian community. --<br/>338. National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes --<br/>339. Control of the Union over the Administration of Scheduled Areas --<br/>and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes. --<br/>340. Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of --<br/>backward classes. --<br/>341. Scheduled Castes --<br/>342. Scheduled Tribes --<br/>PART XVII --<br/>OFFICIAL LANGUAGE --<br/>CHAPTER 1-LANGUAGE OF THE UNION --<br/>343. Official language of the Union --<br/>344. Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language --<br/>CHAPTER II-REGIONAL LANGUAGES --<br/>345. Official language or languages of a State --<br/>346. Official language for communication between one State and another --<br/>or between a State and the Union. --<br/>347. Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the --<br/>population of a State --<br/>CHAPTER III-LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURTS, ETC. --<br/>348. Language to be used in the Supreme Court --<br/>and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc. --<br/>349. Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language. --<br/>CHAPTER IV-SPECIAL DIRECTIVES --<br/>350. Languages to be used in representations for redress of grievances. --<br/>350A. Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage --<br/>350B. Special Officer for linguistic minorities --<br/>351. Directive for development of the Hindi language. --<br/>PART XVIII --<br/>EMERGENCY PROVISIONS --<br/>352. Proclamation of Emergency. --<br/>353. Effect of Proclamation of Emergency. --<br/>354. Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a --<br/>Proclamation of Emergency is in operation --<br/>355. Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and --<br/>internal disturbance --<br/>356. Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>257. Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356 --<br/>258. Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies --<br/>359. Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III --<br/>during emergencies --. <br/>359A. [Repealed.]. --<br/>360. Provisions as to financial emergency --<br/>PART XIX --<br/>MISCELLANEOUS --<br/>361. Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs --<br/>361A. Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State --<br/>Legislatures --<br/>362. [Repealed.]. --<br/>363. Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, --<br/>agreements, etc. --<br/>363A. Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy --<br/>purses to be abolished --<br/>364. Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes. --<br/>365. Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given --<br/>by the Union --<br/>366.Definitions --<br/>367 .Interpretation --<br/>PART XX --<br/>AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION --<br/>368. Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor --<br/>PART XXI --<br/>TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS --<br/>369. Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain --<br/>matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List --<br/>370. Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir --<br/>371. Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat.--<br/>371A. Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland. --<br/>371B. Special provision with respect to the State of Assam --<br/>371C. Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur. --<br/>371D. Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh --<br/>371E. Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh. --<br/>371F. Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim --<br/>371G. Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram --<br/>371H. Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh. --<br/>371-I. Special provision with respect to the State of Goa --<br/>372. Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation --<br/>372A. Power of the President to adapt laws --<br/>373. Power of President to make order in respect of persons under --<br/>preventive detention in certain cases --<br/>ARTICLE --<br/>374. Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending --<br/>in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council. --<br/>375. Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the --<br/>provisions of the Constitution --<br/>376. Provisions as to Judges of High Courts --<br/>377. Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. --<br/>378. Provisions as to Public Service Commissions --<br/>378A. Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative --<br/>Assembly --<br/>379-391 [Repealed.] --<br/>392. Power of the President to remove difficulties. --<br/>PART XXII --<br/>SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE --<br/>TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS --<br/>393. Short title. --<br/>394. Commencement. --<br/>394A. Authoritative text in the Hindi language --<br/>395. Repeals --<br/>SCHEDULES --<br/>FIRST SCHEDULE --<br/>I. The States. --<br/>11. The Union territories --<br/>SECOND SCHEDULE --<br/>Part A- Provisions as to the President and the Governors of States. --<br/>Part B [Repealed.]. --<br/>Part C Provisions as to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House --<br/>of the People and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the --<br/>Council of States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the --<br/>Legislative Assembly and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman --<br/>of the Legislative Council of a State --<br/>Part D- Provisions as to the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High --<br/>Part E- Provisions as to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. --<br/>THIRD SCHEDULE-Forms of Oaths or Affirmations. --<br/>FOURTH SCHEDULE-Allocation of seats in the Council of States --<br/>FIFTH SCHEDULE-Provisions as to the Administration and Control of --<br/>Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. --<br/>Part A-General, --<br/>Part B-Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. --<br/>Part C-Scheduled Areas. --<br/>Part D-Amendment of the Schedule -- <br/>ARTICLE --<br/>SIXTH SCHEDULE-Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the --<br/>States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram --<br/>SEVENTH SCHEDULE --<br/>List I-Union List --<br/>List II-State List. --<br/>List III-Concurrent List. --<br/>EIGHTH SCHEDULE-Languages --<br/>NINTH SCHEDULE-Validation of certain Acts and Regulations. --<br/>TENTH SCHEDULE-Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection --<br/>ELEVENTH SCHEDULE-Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats. --<br/>TWELFTH SCHEDULE-Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, --<br/>etc --<br/>APPENDIX I-The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 --<br/>APPENDIX II-Re-statement, with reference to the present text of the --<br/>Constitution, of the exceptions and modifications subject to --<br/>which the Constitution applies to the State of Jammu and --<br/>Kashmir. --<br/>APPENDIX III-Extracts from the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment ) --<br/>Act, 1978. --<br/>INDEX. |